{"id":341,"date":"2019-01-05T22:58:45","date_gmt":"2019-01-05T22:58:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/s-oneill.com\/sov02\/?p=341"},"modified":"2019-01-08T21:00:47","modified_gmt":"2019-01-08T21:00:47","slug":"command-line-basics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/s-oneill.com\/sov02\/command-line-basics\/","title":{"rendered":"Command Line Basics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Drupal offers an excellent set of videos<\/a> to walk you through cmd or command line basics for Unix\/Mac. Below are some notes from the first 3 videos. For check here for Dos\/Windows commands<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moving\nAround the Command Line<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

From https:\/\/drupalize.me\/series\/command-line-basics-series<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cmd command line directory format:
machine: ~ directory username
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pwd <\/strong>
Prints the current working directory (shows you where you are)
\/Users\/addi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ls<\/strong>
Displays a list of what is in the directory<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ls -al<\/strong>
List all (provides more details) does not seem to work on Windows.
items beginning with a d<\/strong> are directories
items beginning with a –<\/strong> are files
in linux, items beginning with a dot are hidden files
ls -al shows the hidden items<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cd <\/strong>
Change directory
You can type first letter of directory and hit tab for auto compete, if not show, hit tab again it will show list of options – this is case sensitive. If you get lots of file results in ls, you can use piping, (|) this passes a command into another command.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pipe<\/strong>
ls |<\/strong> less
pipe less command
shows things as pagination
space bar moves to next page
q quicks out of less<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cd ..<\/strong>
moves you back one to move back up directory
cd drupal\/
ls
cd docs\/
ls
cd ..\/..
takes you up two directories\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

~<\/strong>
or cd<\/strong>
gets you back to home directory
cd \/User\/addi\/drupal\/docs
can go to specific directory
cd \/Applications
Using \/ can get you above the root directory
by starting with \/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

man <\/strong>
manual help
man pwd tell you help about pwd (not always work)
q quit out of man page<\/p>\n\n\n\n

clear<\/strong>
clears entire screen mac
cls <\/strong>is clear screen on windows<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/drupalize.me\/videos\/copy-move-delete-command-line?p=1149
Copy Move Delete<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cp<\/strong>
copy
cp -r stuff\/ more_stuff
Copies folder named stuff, and creates more_stuff folder (sibling of stuff)
the -r is necessary for copying folders (directories),
cd more_stuff\/
ls<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mkdir<\/strong>
make a directory
mkdir stats
makes a directory called stats in the current more_stuff directory
ls -al
gives details about items in more_stuff, see details about new stats directory
cp Drupal_January.ods stats\/
Copies .ods file (in current directory) into stats folder
ls shows .ods file still in current more_stuff folder
cd stats\/
ls
shows .ods file also in stats folder (copy)
cd .. (go up one)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

rm<\/strong>
remove delete file from current directory
rm Drupal_January.ods
ls shows no longer there
rm -r garbage\/
removes deletes directory from current directory (need -r for directories)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mv
<\/strong>move command
mv drupapal_commands.ods stats\/
moves .ods file from current directory to stats folder. Can move to sibling directory w\/ ..\/sibling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*
wildcard <\/strong>
mv 200* junk\/
moves all files beginning with 200 to the (child) junk\/ directory
mv *jpg junk\/
moves all files ending w jpg<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Renaming: use mv for renaming files
spaces in names not good
Design Eye for the Geek Guy.pdf
can rename using mv
mv Design\\ Eye \\ Eye\\ for\\ the\\ Geek\\ Guy.pdf design-eye.pdf
changes name to design-eye.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Command Line Permissions<\/strong>
https:\/\/drupalize.me\/videos\/dealing-command-line-permissions?p=1149<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sudo<\/strong>
on unix – allows temporary escelation of own priviledges (not Windows)
ls -al shows permissions info of files,
If starts with a d = directory
If starts with a w – it is a file
drwxr-xr-x
-rw-r–r–@ 1 addi staff <\/strong> 614 Apr 27 10:26 .DS_Store<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Permissions<\/strong>
first set of characters is for user permissions, –rw-<\/strong>
(user is addi)
second set permissions for group r–<\/strong>
(group is staff)
third set, permissions for everyone else r–<\/strong>
@ symbol is not important for now
r = read
w = write
x = execute (for folders x means can go into folder, for files x means can run script)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

chmod<\/strong>
Changing mode, to change permissions
u = user
g = group
o = other
a = all<\/p>\n\n\n\n

example: can change group and other together
to remove use minus sign (-)
chmod go-rx stuff\/
removes read and execute permissions for group and others in the stuff directory
ls -al
To see stuff folder premissions have changed
go+rx stuff\/
adds back permissions
For directories, if you want to change permissions on all included files need to add -r<\/strong> directory\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ownership
can change ownership
root is super user
typically not use root, but can temporarily be root user with sudo<\/p>\n\n\n\n

chown<\/strong>
change ownership and group
chown root getdrupal.sh
may not have authority: Operation not permitted<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sudo<\/strong>
sudo chown root getdrupal.sh
need password
will let you change ownership of file to root<\/p>\n\n\n\n

can change owner and group name together
\nsudo chown addi:staff getdrupal.sh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ls -al shows owner and group names changed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

chgrp <\/strong>
allows change just the group<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When you use sudo to copy a file, it creates the file with root as the owner
\nif want to change the owner from root to name (addi)
\nsudo chown addi settings.php<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do not want everybody to have write access, you can set all to read only with
chmod a=r settings.php<\/p>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Moving Around the Command Line From https:\/\/drupalize.me\/series\/command-line-basics-series The cmd command line directory format: machine: ~ directory username pwd Prints the current working […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[36,37],"class_list":["post-341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-developer","tag-cmd","tag-command-line"],"yoast_head":"\nCommand Line Basics - s-oneill.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/s-oneill.com\/sov02\/command-line-basics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Command Line Basics - s-oneill.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Drupal offers an excellent set of videos to walk you through cmd or command line basics for Unix\/Mac. 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